Joseph McCarthy is interviewed about what he believes McCarthyism really is, and whether he has regrets about his tactics regarding the State Department. McCarthyism began in the United States during the period of the "Second Red Scare", lasting roughly from 1950 to 1956. During this period, fear of communism enveloped the US and efforts came about to find and repress communists in America.

Sheila Horvits recalls growing up Jewish during the McCarthy era, and how McCarthyism seeped into every aspect of life. McCarthyism was the practice of accusing people of disloyalty to the United States and of having communist leanings. The McCarthy era lasted from about 1950 to 1956 in the United States.

Director Arthur Penn talks about his experience as a student and later as a director during the Un-American Activities Committee's reign in the McCarthy Era. He discusses the struggle to decide between abiding by these ideas and working around them.The McCarthy era began about 1950 and lasted until about 1956, in which repression of communism and fear and paranoia of its spread took hold of the United States.

Transcript of McCarthy's Telegram:

Reno Nev Feb 11 1139A

The President

The White House

In a Lincoln Day speech at Wheeling Thursday night I stated that the State Department harbors a nest of communists and communist sympathizers who are helping to shape our foreign policy. I further stated that I have in my possession the names of 57 communists who are in the State Department at present. A state department spokesman [ripped text] denied this and claimed that there is not a single communist in the department. You can convince yourself of the falsity of the State Department claim very easily. You will recall that you personally appointed a board to screen state department employees for the purpose of weeding out fellow travelers. Your board did a pains-taking job. And named hundreds which it listed as "dangerous to the security of the nation", because of communistic connections.

While the records are not available to me, I know [ripped text] that of one group of approximately 300 certified to the Secretary for Discharge, he actually discharged only approximately 80. I understand that this was done after lengthy consultation with Alger Hiss. I would suggest therefore, Mr. President, that you simply pick up your phone and ask Mr. Acheson how many of those whom your board had labeled as dangerous, he failed to discharge. The day the House Un-American Activities Committee exposed Alger Hiss as an important link in an inter-national communist spy ring, you signed an order forbidding the State Departments giving to the Congress any information in regard to the disloyalty or the communistic connections of anyone in that department, dispite [sic] this State Department blackout, we have been able to compile a list of 57 communist in the State Department. This list is available to you, but you can get a much longer list by ordering the Secretary Acheson to give you a list of these whom your own board listed as being disloyal, and who are still working in the State Department. I believe the following is the minimum which can be expected of you in this case

(1) That you demand that Acheson give you and the proper congressional committee the names and a complete report on all of those who were placed in the department by Alger Hiss, and all of those still working in the State Department who were listed by your board as bad security risks because of the communistic connections.

(2) That under no circumstances could a congressional committee obtain any information or help from the executive department in exposing communists.

Failure on your part will label the Democratic Party of being the bed-fellow of inter-national communism. Certainly this label is not deserved by the hundreds of thousands of loyal American democrats throughout the nation, and by the sizable number of able loyal democratics in both the Senate and the House.

Joe Mc Carthy U.S.S. WIS..

To see the original photos of the telegram, and President Truman's response, visit the website of the National Archives of the United States.

Eddie Adams, an American combat photographer and photojournalist, discusses his Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph taken on a Saigon street on February 1, 1968. Adams was covering the Vietnam War for the Associated Press and caught this photo of Police Chief General Nguyen Ngoc Loan executing Vietcong Prisoner Nguyen Van Lem. The Vietnam War started in November 1955 and lasted until April 1975. The war took place in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia between North Vietnam and its communist allies and South Vietnam, the United States, and their anti-communist allies.

Screenwriter Norman Lear recalls being asked to take credit for the work of blacklisted screenwriters during the 1940's and 1950's. Many screenwriters and directors were blacklisted from working in Hollywood for refusing to name the names of potential communists during at House Committee on Un-American Activities.

Screenwriter Ring Lardner, Jr. recalls what it was like to testify in front of the House Committee on Un-American Activities and explains what life was like as one of the Hollywood Ten. The Hollywood Blacklist was instituted on November 25, 1947 in response to the Ten screenwriters and directors who refused to answer HUAC questions about any involvement they had with the Communist Party.

Hollywood actors and crew members discuss what it was like to be on the Hollywood Blacklist and how being identified as communists changed their careers.

Watch director and screenwriter Herbert Biberman attempt to give his testimony to the House Committee on Un-American Activities. He was later added to the Hollywood Blacklist for being an uncooperative witness and is one of the Hollywood Ten.

Actress Betty Garrett recalls what her husband, Larry Parks, went through as an actor on the Hollywood Blacklist and how it affected their lives. The Blacklist instituted on November 25, 1947, after ten writers and directors refused to give testimony to the House Committee on Un-American Activities.